Well yeah, there have been studies like this one that shows that processed foods can lead to weight gain despite being equal in calories to unprocessed foods. But for someone just starting to lose weight, it really does come down to calories in and calories out. There's a lot of funky information out there and it's easy to get confused and overwhelmed. But if you take a few steps back and think about it, you realize that it's really very simple.
People try and make up all these crazy ass diets when you really don't need to complicate things so much. To quote Michael Pollen, “Eat food. Not too much. Mostly plants.”