So we have:
Fire (Fire, Flare, Phoenix, Ifirit, Kjata, Beta, Flamethrower, Magic Breath)
Ice (Ice, Freeze, Shiva, Kjata, Magic Breath)
Lightning (Bolt, Ramuh, Kjata Trine, Magic Breath)
Earth (Quake, Break, Titan, Kjata Magic Breath)
Holy (Cure, Full Cure, Alexander, White Wind, Angel Whisper)
Gravity (Demi, Lazer)
Poison (Bio, Bad Breath, Hades (?))
Water (Leviathan, Aqualung)
Wind (Choco/Mog, Typoon, Tornado)
Water not being in the game is easy to explain as there are hardly any enemies who are weak against it anyway. Wind would be much more usefull as there are plenty of flying enemies, however you'll have to make do with the Contain materia and items.
Also in VII there is the one hidden element too...