I've found Windows XP is also a bit dodgy installing to SATA drives due to it's age, unless you either slipstream the SATA drivers onto the XP install CD (effectively creating and burning a custom install disk), or so change a setting in the BIOS to allow the SATA controller to emulate the older IDE connections (might be called legacy on some BIOSes)

Though if you're convinced XP is actually working but just giving a black screen after booting, have you tried safe mode (press F8 when booting, before the XP logo appears)? Might just be the graphics drivers in your case that need reinstalling