I appreciate the help from everyone. I will take a look at the damage formulas.

and here I was thinking of something simple like the math involved in a D&D game, where a simple role of the dice would let you know how much damage you have inflicted. I had always imagined that's how Video Game RPGs kind of worked. Your weapon would have a top set of HP it takes off while your STR would act as your bonus buff points and a number is chosen at random to decide how effective the final hit would be.

like if a weapon has 20HP it takes off tops.
and your STR is +40 (in this case let's say the amount this adds to the weapon is half of the +40 so it would be 20HP)
then a number is chosen at random between one and twenty at how efficient that attack would be.
Lowest/weakest attack would be 20HP taken off, while strongest attack would be 40HP taken off.
(20 + (40) 20) w/ (R) = Attack

and then on top of that you can add armour and equipment buffs or de-buffs.
I was actually thinking about including this. Along with items I was planning to include equipment such as weapons and armor. I know for example in some RPGs like FFIX there is both an attack and a Str stat.
The ATK stat is the one that does the actual damage and I know in some RPGs I've seen the ATK stat increase because of the Str stat so I was wondering if a certain amount of str points equals 1 ATK point and you also have some attacks in RPGs that do damage based on amount of HP like Demi.

More importantly than all of this is, what class are you presenting this to?
Survey of Math (Probability, Geometry, Trig, Number theory, etc.)