Open an elevated command prompt (type "cmd" in the search/run bar, right click on the result when it comes up, and choose "Run as Administrator"). On the command prompt, type "chkdsk /F" ... most likely, it will tell you it needs to reboot to run and schedule it for the next reboot. Reboot, let it run, report the results.

It seems like it has to be a problem reading from something. So step one is to check the disks, step two is going to be to check the RAM.

Possibly, we're going to have to start disabling devices/drivers. Does it do the same thing running in "Safe Mode"?