If the glitch is caused by the way the developers coded the game, it will be present on every copy of the game that uses the same build of the code. Not all all releases of the same game are of the same build. For example, the save wipe bug in soul calibur 3 is not present in the "greatest hits" version of the game, as they changed the code and re-compiled it before they had the greatest hits discs made.
If a glitch is caused by data corruption, it will only be present on the games whose medium has that suffered data corruption. This can be either "bit rot" on a game installed on a hard drive or a physically damaged disc. In many cases, data corruption causes the game to just crash, as it's very likely that some of the corrupted data is essential for the game to function at all.
If a glitch is caused by the particular system it's run on, then the same version of the game on the same version of the system will always have that glitch.
Because we usually don't have access to the source code of the game, it can sometimes be very hard to pin down the exact conditions that trigger a certain glitch. Because of that, some glitches might seem random, but that's only because we as players don't have enough data to be able to predict when it's going to happen. It is likely that only a small percentage of glitches that can happen in a game, are actually well known by the gaming communities.
Most games probably have lots of glitches that are both so minor that people don't notice them, and so rare that people have no idea why they happen or how to reproduce them, and a combination of both of these. Especially on locked-down systems, it's hard to determine what causes a glitch. In a PC game, you have more tools available to track down the issue. You can use debugging tools, and scan through memory addresses, and open the game files in for example a hex editor and look at the machine code.
If you only "think" you pressed attack and got trigger happy instead, it's also possible that your brain made a mistake and didn't interpret the situation correctly. Human perception and memories are very fuzzy.
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