3) This will depend in relation to 2) and the nature of the conflict. If Nation A has raised an army and invaded Nation B, and B loses, then it would fall to either a Nation A Occupation, some sort of peace accord, or Nation B pulling together another army and continuing the fight. If Nation B was a large Country then the second army would be likely, however it may change based upon the leader. If Nation B was a one city state, and it's army was annihilated, then it would then be a conquered part of Nation A, dependant of course on alliances and other diplomatic use if that was also included with warfare. The reverse to all this can apply, if say Nation A loses after starting the war, then they would end up being conquered.