Quote Originally Posted by Behold the Void
I am not too familiar with the Australian politics. Anyone care to enlighten me?
Fairly standard Westminster (English-style) system. Bicameral (two Houses, an upper and lower one). The Prime Minister is the head of the executive, which is also a part of the legislature. People vote for whichever party they want to become the government; the winning party's leader becomes PM. Other parties get seats in the Houses by winning a certain share of the vote in each state.
...I live in New Zealand, where it's slightly different, but I think that's roughly how it goes. I'm certain others will correct any errors I've made.