Subcultures.

[Shoeberto]

Do you mean if they exist in school? If so, they do. The 5 major ones are goth, punk, prep, jock, and geek. Not everyone fits into one category, as I don't consider myself any of those. Each phase(I don't consider them subcultures) comes with their own stereotypes. Know, however, that I've created these observations from 4 different schools. Note how I used the word "stereotype". No one say something like, "Oh, man, you have disgraced my subculture, you dirty smileheart! I EFFING HATE YOU!" because I already said that these are only stereotypes wrought on by observations.

Goth - These kids are most significant for wearing all dark clothing, leather collars, and spikey everything. Every once in a while, however, they'll wear unnecessarily flashy clothing. They wear these clothes to make an impression on our conformist world. They listen to angry music with screaming people. They constantly look angry and look as if they've hated the entire world and everyone within it since they were little zygotes. Other than people of their own clique, they tend to stick to themselves. Because of how they shun society, society tends to shun them. The breeding ground for goths is Hot Topic.

Punk - These people wear tight jeans and flambouyant clothing. They like to skateboard, some get into mischief, and they do unusual things. They listen to punk music(ex: Avril Lavigne).

Jock - Jocks are the athletes of the school. Regardless of what people seem to think, they're actually quite intelligent. I've met many of them and probably only 3 out of every 10 jocks seem "unintelligent". There's not much else to say about them.

Prep - These guys are the bigshots of the schools. They wear really fancy-shmancy stuff, like sunglasses, gold/silver necklaces, gold watches, etc. They never wear t-shirts and are usually very diligent students.

Geek - "Geeks"/"Nerds" have sort of diminished throughout the years. However, there are still some people that are considered nerds. These are the people who put school over anything and everything else. During the weekends, they spend 80% of their time in their books. These people enjoy shows such as Star Trek and obsess over Star Wars. When they need/want new clothing, they make their mothers go out to buy them.

I have not even begun to touch the phases of teenage life. There are, at least, 10 more.

I have to disagree with you on a few points, based more on my experience in high school.

Goth - You hit the nail mostly on the head, though some of them do exhibit kindness and intelligence to non-authorities and people who aren't in the popular cliques.
Punks - In my school, punks are the biggest assholes. That's it. They're musical elitists and overall assholes. End of story.
Prep - No arguments here.
Jock - I agree on some of the points of them being intelligent, book-wise, but they can be some of the biggest dumbasses in every other topic. Most think they're above other people.
Geeks - Okay, hold UP. Maybe the '50s stereotype of a geek is one who stays home studying, but that isn't true anymore. New geeks are internet or video game addicts. Many abide by "I'm smart I'm just too lazy to do the work" (which is complete bull, but so many follow it by heart.) But yeah, I consider myself part of this group, and while I do try to achieve scholarly, I don't freely spend my time doing this. Computers are the new geek thing.

Also, a lot of people may not have experienced this group, but at my school we call them the Farmers. Basically, they're all FFA members who always wear wranglers and boots, and there's two classes of them - momma's boys and degenerates. Momma's boys always have their shirts tucked in and are usually nice guys, though very naive about things outside the farm. Degenerates are smokers and drinkers who follow the same redneck foundations from their parents. Mostly all farmers are sexist, racist, and completely naive of anything outside of our small town.