If you want to talk about manga, Osamu Tezuka is an excellent starting point and also so important an artist you just can't ignore him. He influenced hundreds of other manga artists, including Akira Toriyama, who in fact quotes him a lot in his Dr. Slump and Arale.
Then Fujiko Fujio, the duo responsible amongst other things for the creation of Doraemon.
Hayao Miyazaki is mostly known for his animated movies but he also drew beautiful manga, such as Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind (yes, it originally was a manga, and much longer and with a different ending.)
Monkey Punch, creator of Lupin the IIIrd.
Ryoichi Ikegami, mostly known for his Crying Freeman.
Riyoko Ikeda, responsible for Versailles no Bara (The Versailles Rose. I think you might know it as Lady Oscar).
Rumiko Takahashi, the female manga artist who created Uruseyatsura (Lum), Ranma, Maison Ikkoku and Inuyasha.
Kia Asamiya, creator of Compiler, Steam Detectives, Dark Angel and many others, who is a notorious American comics lover and drew several episodes for Marvel, including two X-men episodes.
Masakazu Katsura, creator of Video Girl Ai, DNA2, I'S and others. He too is a comic lover and has drawn a Batman episode, I think.
Kosuke Fujishima and his "Ah, my Goddess!"