InuYasha anime finished in Japan in 2004 after 167 episodes. It was cut short because apparently an important part of the staff couldn't work on the show anymore.
Some action anime are only designed to run for one or two seasons (13 or 26 episodes), but those tend to be the ones that are not based off of Manga. I can't think of any that were cut short, but I can think of at least one that went on longer than originally planned.

Toriyama planned to end the 'Dragonball' storyline with Goku becoming the 'True Super Saiyan' and defeating Frieza, but fans/executives demanded more. The result is a somewhat diluted continuation of the series that went on for several years longer than intended.